Liquid coating composition and process of making same.



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- new and, useful Improvement ing Same, of which ,clear, cpncise, and

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To all wiwmft may concern Be it known that T, HENRY D. BAUM- GARTEL,acitizeii of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the cdunty ofCooki and State of Illinois, have invented a certain p r in Liquid Contposition and Processes of Mairthe following is a full, exactdescription. The invention relates to a liquid coating Coatingcomposition which may be applied to'a glass negatwe or film, to producea-surface thereon which resernbles and effects a substitute for pron d"glass,- which is of particular use in thd of photography, although thesame may be otherwise very employed. id

lin compounding the material certain ingredlhtls are utilized yvhichform a sub stantiallyhard surface which can be oper ated upon or removedwhen occasion requires that either shall be done. In the descriptionherein T will confine myself particularly to the application of theinvention in its use to photographic plates, films, etc., although asbefore stated, it is not so limited in its scope. It is a prime obj ectof my invention to produce a cchnposition which may be readily appliedto the plate or film, preferably in a fluid state and whichsatisfactorily when dry will adhere to the surface thereof,

and produce a surface, which will permit of it being operated upon tointensify or reduce a particular portion or the whole of the print madefrom the plate or film,

iii-further object is the production of a composition of this characterwhich will produce a substantially tough, or resilient texture whichwill not be'easily removed by any ordinary method; also to produce acomposition wherein the tooth and the grain may be Varied to suit theuser. I also contemplate the use of coloring matter, which may be mixedwith the fluid and thereby further either soften or increase thecontrast I of the print or image produced from a plate coated with thesubstance formed of this composition. It will be understood that allphotographic printing papers are more sensitive to blue or violet raysof the spectrum. Therefore, I utilize colorlng matter in the aboveformula to permit the blue or red rays to be let through or held back,as desired,

thereby improving the print which would ordinarily result from anotherwise defective negative. The formula results 1n acoattlpecifidation. of Letters Patent.

ing in which the grain is greatly more uniform; this makes the additionof the dyes practical. When a plate or film is used in which the film isof a thinner quality than ordinary, the print which would result from anegative of this character will be found to have a flat appearance, andto improve the brilliancy of such a print, an orange, yellow, or redcoloring matter is introduced which holds back a certain percentage ofthe blue rays of the spectrum, thereby increasing the exposure, andallowing the light to penetrate more deeply into the emulsion of theprinting paper, thereby adding more brilliancy or contrast to the printmade from a negative which is coated with the colored composition. Whena negative is found to be of a strong character, that is one from whichthe print would show too much contrast, and it is desired to softensame, a blue dye would be used in'the coating or ground glasssubstitute, which will prevent the orange or yellow rays from passingthrough too rapidly, thus resulting in a softer toned print. Crayon maybe also applied to certain portions of the plate, thereby furtherhindering the light rays and resulting in a still softertone to thatparticular part of the print.

Another advantageous result which is gained by my invention is that acomposition is produced which readily flows uniformly over the entiresurface which is desired to be coated, thereby eliminating thepossibility of some portions of an image be ing more distinct thanothers in places where no distinction is required, thus rendering thesame unfit for any commercial value. The compositiouformed or theingredients uti- Patented Feb, @655, 19911 no hppiication filed December24, 1915. ecrial No. 6%,538.

lized, r'esults'in a substance which adheres t9 7 the surface to whichit is 'applied, flows smoothly over the surface 0 be coated, and whichdries quickly after \its application, and which also forms a substancewhose working surface is uniform both in tooth and grain throughout thesurface to whic it is applied. The composition has a further advantagein that it results in a substance which permits the uniform distributionof different strata of material over the entire surface to be coated. Itwill be understood that either the tooth or grain of the substanceformed by the material may bevaried to suit the convenience of differentusers. The use of the term tooth in this connection. signifies the depthof the particles which form the surface upon which a certain operationis performed to gain a certain result; whereas the term grain signifiesthe working area of each of the particles of which the whole surface iscomposed. A further advantage is that a composition is produced which issuperior in texture, the particles which compose the surface beingsubstantially uniform in area and thickness and which adhere to thesurface more firmly. The tone of the print as a whole may also beregulated or varied if desired, this being accomplished by theintroduction of coloring materials or agents into the composition.

The fine grain and uniformity of this formula makes the use of dyespractical. The component parts of the composi ion may be varied toresult in a surface of d iferent textures by varying the relativeamountsof the several ingredients of which the solution is formed, onlyone form being herein specifically set forth which is composed ofproportions and ingredients substantially as follows: concentrated ether60 oz., wood alcohol 8 02., pulverized gum mastic 1% oz., gum sandarac3?; oz., benzol 30 oz., and when this mixture is desired to be colored,dye stuff will be added in various proportions,

ordinarily about 5 grains of coloring matter will be found sufficient tocolor one pound of the solution. From the foregoing it will be evidentthat these ingredients when mixed will produce a composition which willdissolve perfectly, flow freely, and have sufficient body when appliedto the surface to be coated which willdry quickly.

In compounding the mixture I have found it convenient to mix theconcentrated ether and the alcohol together, these forming the solventand evaporating agents, then to mix these with the gums which form thebase, and which have been previously mixed together, agitate the mixtureuntil the gums are dissolved, and then add the benzol slowly, and ifcolor is desired add the required amount as the last step. It will beunderstood that different grades of the composition may be obtained byvarying the amounts of each or all of the ingredients of which thecomposition is formed, for instance, by varying the amount of alcohol,the toughness and tooth of the mixture may be changed, also the grainmay be changed, by varying the amount of benzol. When this mixturecomposed as specified, is

utilized it has been found that two strata of material are produced uponthe surface which is coated, that is, the portion forming the groundglass effect will adhere to the surface of the glass or film and thesubstance which forms the tooth and grain will be outermost, thusforming a surface upon which the desired work may be done. As beforestatedycolor may be added when desired, and it has been found that whenthe same is added to these substances the particles of which thesubstance is formed are thoroughly impregnated thereby and result in acoating which is uniform and lasting in color when applied to theplates. It has further been found that by adding such colors as yellowor blue that the first named color will tend to increase the contrast inthe print and that a color such as blue will tend to soften the print orimage produced by the plate or film coated with a colored substance. Asbefore stated, the invention is particularly adapted for use in the artof photography and therefore I will explain one of its uses in thatconnection.

Presume that a negative is desired to be altered, so that some part ofthe print will be subdued or caused to be pronounced, with relation tothe other parts. This can readily be done by coating the smooth or glassside of the negative with the solution which as before stated produces agrained surface, which readily lends itself to take such material ascrayon, etc., which when the same is of the proper color and appliedoffers an obstacle to! the light rays, which hinders their penetration,or same may be wholly prevented from passing therethrough, as desirable.This will cause the covered feature to be brought out and contrastedwith respect to the other portions of the print. When the reverse resultis desired, that is some high light is desired to be brought out more indetail, the material formed by the solution will be removed from theplate at the desired place. This will of course permit the light totravel through the negative unhindered at this point; the remainingportion of the plate being coated will hinder thelight to the desiredextent and permit the uncovered portion to bring out details whichordinarily would not be noticed.

From the foregoing explanation of th composition, a surface is providedwhich is of an even texture, will run smoothly over the surface which isto be coated, adhere firmly thereto, and result in a substance whichwill cause a more brilliant or softer print, and also permit someportions of the print to be more subdued, and others to be brought outmore pronounced, according to the desires, thus forming a decidedadvantage in the art to which the same pertains; also that the inventionpermits of the use of analogous constituents and variations to obtaindifferent degrees of texture, all of which are contemplated by me.

Having thus explained the constituent parts of which one form of thecomposition is composed for the accomplishment of the desired end, whatI claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A liquid coating composition comprising concentrated ether, woodalcohol, gum

\ ounces, gum sandarac 3-} mastic, gum sandal-ac and benzolsubstantially in the proportions described.

2. A liquid coating composition comprising concentrated ether, 60ounces, wood alcohol 8 ounces, pulverized gum mastic 1 ounces and benzol30 ounces.

A liquid coating composition comprising concentrated ether, benzol, Woodalcohol, gum sandarac, and'gum mastic, which decrease respectively inamounts from said ether to the gum mastic.

4-. A method of producing a colored liquid coating composition composedof ether, wood alcohol, gums, benzol, and coloring matter which consistsof first mixing said ether and alcohol together, mixing this with saidgums which have been previously mixed, agitating said mixture of ether,alcohol and gums until said gums are dissolved, then slowly add saidbenzol, and lastly adding said coloring matter.

Iii-till ll 5. A composition of matter comprising concentrated ether,wood alcohol, gum mastic, gum sandarac, benzol and; coloring mattersubstantially in the proportions described.

6. A method of producing a liquid coating composition composed of ether,wood alcohol, gums and benzol, which consists of first mixingsaid etherand alcohol, mixing this with said gums which have been previouslymixed, agitating said mixture of ether, alcohol and said gums until saidgums are dissolved, and then slowly adding said benzol.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 15th day ofDecember, A. D. 1915.

HENRY D. BAUMGARTEL.

